Reconstruction Paper:
Use the research database “American Antiquarian Society Historical Periodicals: 1866-1877” located through the Ellis Library (in Research Databases section) web site. Find a minimum of six newspaper articles from the 1866-1877 period that demonstrate how some things changed for former slaves in the first twelve years after the Civil War and some things did not. Find a minimum of three that demonstrate positive change and three that demonstrate how people of color continued to be treated as slaves or worse.Use your textbook and lecture notes to figure out the key words that will yield useful materials (“negro” and “Ku Klux” are good starting points).
Then examine the Library of Congress’ “Born in Slavery” database: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/. Use the keyword search box to locate narratives or browse by narrator or state. Clicking on the author’s name takes you to a page with some information about the interview. To read the narrative itself, you must click on “View this item” near the top of the page. Use the keyword search box to locate narratives that will allow you to answer the questions/write your paper.
Select six narratives that will help you write your Reconstruction paper (see below)
In addition to the materials from the two databases, use also Chapter 17 in your textbook, Out of Many, Vol. 2, lectures, “Aftershock” and lectures.
Respond in writing to the following questions:
1. What indicated that there were significant differences in the lives of people of color in the South after the Civil War?
2. What indicated that little had changed?
Make sure your responses a.) reflect what you have learned from the text, documentary, and lectures, and b.) the narratives. Use the Chicago Manual of Style system for your end notes.
Your papers should be no less than 1,200 words total (use 12-point type and 1-inch margins).
How do attitudes towards Native Americans vary by culture and region?
First Written Assignment
In the following packet and Reading the American Past you will find 5 documents, each written by colonists living in different times, at different places, and with different cultural backgrounds. However, all share similarities as they deal with European attitudes regarding Native Americans. For the purpose of this essay, your task, in 3-4 pages (double spaced, size 12 Times New Roman), is to search for and analyze the common themes that appear in all 5 documents. How do attitudes towards Native Americans vary by culture and region? How do colonists propose dealing with Indians? What role does religion play in shaping these attitudes? Finally, what place do these documents envisage for Native Americans in colonial society?
Requerimiento, 1514
This document was required to be read aloud to natives by Spanish Conquistadors before engaging in any act of conquest. Often times this was done without translation into the local dialect.
On behalf of the king and the queen, subjugators of barbarous peoples, we, their servants, notify and make known to you as best we are able, that God, Our Lord, living and eternal, created the heavens and the earth, and a man and a woman, of whom you and we and all other people of the world were, and are, the descendants. Because of the great numbers of people who have come from the union of these two in the five thousand year, which have run their course since the world was created, it became necessary that some should go in one direction and that others should go in another. Thus they became divided into many kingdoms and many provinces, since they could not all remain or sustain themselves in one place.
Of all these people God, Our Lord, chose one, who was called Saint Peter, to be the lord and the one who was to be superior to all the other people of the world, whom all should obey. He was to be the head of the entire human race, wherever men might exist. God gave him the world for his kingdom and jurisdiction. God also permitted him to be and establish himself in any other part of the world to judge and govern all peoples, whether Christian, Moors, Jew, Gentiles, or those of any other sects and beliefs that there might be. He was called the Pope. One of the past Popes who succeeded Saint Peter, as Lord of the Earth gave these islands and Mainland’s of the Ocean Sea [the Atlantic Ocean] to the said King and Queen and to their successors, with everything that there is in them, as is set forth in certain documents which were drawn up regarding this donation in the manner described, which you may see if you so desire.
In consequence, Their Highnesses are Kings and Lords of these islands and mainland by virtue of said donation. Certain other isles and almost all [the native peoples] to whom this summons has been read have accepted Their Highnesses as such Kings and Lords, and have served, and serve, them as their subjects as they should, and must, do, with good will and without offering any resistance. You are constrained and obliged to do the same as they.
Consequently, as we best may, we beseech and demand that you understand fully this that we have said to you and ponder it, so that you may understand and deliberate upon it for a just and fair period, and that you accept the Church and Superior Organization of the whole world and recognize the Supreme Pontiff, called the Pope, and that in his name, you acknowledge the King and Queen, as the lords and superior authorities of these islands and Mainlands by virtue of the said donation.
If you do not do this, however, or resort maliciously to delay, we warn you that, with the aid of God, we will enter your land against you with force and will make war in every place and by every means we can and are able, and we will then subject you to the yoke and authority of the Church and Their Highnesses. We will take you and your wives and children and make them slaves, and as such we will sell them, and will dispose of you and them as Their Highnesses order. And we will take your property and will do to you all the harm and evil we can, as is done to vassals who will not obey their lord or who do not wish to accept him, or who resist and defy him. We avow that the deaths and harm which you will receive thereby will be your own blame, and not that of Their Highnesses, nor ours, nor of the gentlemen who come with us.
BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS: A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE DESTRUCTION OF THE INDIES (1542)
Bartolome De las Casas (1484-1566) Was a Spanish Priest who, after witnessing the mistreatment of Native Peoples on the Island of Hispaniola became an advocate for Native Rights, in which capacity he frequently implored the Kings of Spain (Charles V and Philip II) to intervene directly to end the abuses arising from the Encomienda System.
The Americas were discovered in 1492, and the first Christian settlements established by the Spanish the following year. It is accordingly forty-nine years now since Spaniards began arriving in numbers in this part of the world. They first settled the large and fertile island of Hispaniola, which boasts six hundred leagues of coastline and is surrounded by a great many other large islands, all of them, as I saw for myself, with as high a native population as anywhere on earth. Of the coast of the mainland, which, at its nearest point, is a little over two hundred and fifty leagues from Hispaniola, more than ten thousand leagues had been explored by 1541, and more are being discovered every day. This coastline, too, was swarming with people and it would seem, if we are to judge by those areas so far explored, that the Almighty selected this part of the world as home to the greater part of the human race.
God made all the peoples of this area, many and varied as they are, as open and as innocent as can be imagined. The simplest people in the world – unassuming, long-suffering, unassertive, and submissive – they are without malice or guile, and are utterly faithful and obedient both to their own native lords and to the Spaniards in whose service they now find themselves. Never quarrelsome or belligerent or boisterous, they harbour no grudges and do not seek to settle old scores; indeed, the notions of revenge, rancour, and hatred are quite foreign to them. At the same time, they are among the least robust of human beings: their delicate constitutions make them unable to withstand hard work or suffering and render them liable to succumb to almost any illness, no matter how mild. Even the common people are no tougher than princes or than other Europeans born with a silver spoon in their mouths and who spend their lives shielded from the rigours of the outside world. They are also among the poorest people on the face of the earth; they own next to nothing and have no urge to acquire material possessions. As a result they are neither ambitious nor greedy, and are totally uninterested in worldly power. Their diet is every bit as poor and as monotonous, in quantity and in kind, as that enjoyed by the Desert Fathers. Most of them go naked, save for a loincloth to cover their modesty; at best they may wrap themselves in a piece of cotton material a yard or two square. Most sleep on matting, although a few possess a kind of hanging net, known in the language of Hispaniola as a hammock. They are innocent and pure in mind and have a lively intelligence, all of which makes them particularly receptive to learning and understanding the truths of our Catholic faith and to being instructed in virtue; indeed, God has invested them with fewer impediments in this regard than any other people on earth. Once they begin to learn of the Christian faith they become so keen to know more, to receive the Sacraments, and to worship God, that the missionaries who instruct them do truly have to be men of exceptional patience and forbearance; and over the years I have time and again met Spanish laymen who have been so struck by the natural goodness that shines through these people that they frequently can be heard to exclaim: “These would be the most blessed people on earth if only they were given the chance to convert to Christianity.”
It was upon these gentle lambs, imbued by the Creator with all the qualities we have mentioned, that from the very first day they clapped eyes on them the Spanish fell like ravening wolves upon the fold, or like tigers and savage lions who have not eaten meat for days. The pattern established at the outset has remained unchanged to this day, and the Spaniards still do nothing save tear the natives to shreds, murder them and inflict upon them untold misery, suffering and distress, tormenting, harrying and persecuting them mercilessly. We shall in due course describe some of the many ingenious methods of torture they have invented and refined for this purpose, but one can get some idea of the effectiveness of their methods from the figures alone. When the Spanish first journeyed there, the indigenous population of the island of Hispaniola stood at some three million; today only two hundred survive. The island of Cuba, which extends for a distance almost as great as that separating Valladolid from Rome, is now to all intents and purposes uninhabited;” and two other large, beautiful and fertile islands, Puerto Rico and Jamaica, have been similarly devastated. Not a living soul remains today on any of the islands of the Bahamas, which lie to the north of Hispaniola and Cuba, even though every single one of the sixty or so islands in the group, as well as those known as the Isles of Giants and others in the area, both large and small, is more fertile and more beautiful than the Royal Gardens in Seville and the climate is as healthy as anywhere on earth. The native population, which once numbered some five hundred thousand, was wiped out by forcible expatriation to the island of Hispaniola, a policy adopted by the Spaniards in an endeavour to make up losses among the indigenous population of that island. One God-fearing individual was moved to mount an expedition to seek out those who had escaped the Spanish trawl and were still living in the Bahamas and to save their souls by converting them to Christianity, but, by the end of a search lasting three whole years, they had found only the eleven survivors I saw with my own eyes. A further thirty or so islands in the region of Puerto Rico are also now uninhabited and left to go to rack and ruin as a direct result of the same practices. All these islands, which together must run to over two thousand leagues, are now abandoned and desolate.
On the mainland, we know for sure that our fellow-countrymen have, through their cruelty and wickedness, depopulated and laid waste an area which once boasted more than ten kingdoms, each of them larger in area than the whole of the Iberian Peninsula. The whole region, once teeming with human beings, is now deserted over a distance of more than two thousand leagues: a distance, that is, greater than the journey from Seville to Jerusalem and back again.
At a conservative estimate, the despotic and diabolical behaviour of the Christians has, over the last forty years, led to the unjust and totally unwarranted deaths of more than twelve million souls, women and children among them, and there are grounds for believing my own estimate of more than fifteen million to be nearer the mark.
There are two main ways in which those who have travelled to this part of the world pretending to be Christians have uprooted these pitiful peoples and wiped them from the face of the earth. First, they have waged war on them: unjust, cruel, bloody and tyrannical war. Second, they have murdered anyone and everyone who has shown the slightest sign of resistance, or even of wishing to escape the torment to which they have subjected him. This latter policy has been instrumental in suppressing the native leaders, and, indeed, given that the Spaniards normally spare only women and children, it has led to the annihilation of all adult males, whom they habitually subject to the harshest and most iniquitous and brutal slavery that man has ever devised for his fellow-men, treating them, in fact, worse than animals. All the many and infinitely varied ways that have been devised for oppressing these peoples can be seen to flow from one or other of these two diabolical and tyrannical policies.
The reason the Christians have murdered on such a vast scale and killed anyone and everyone in their way is purely and simply greed. They have set out to line their pockets with gold and to amass private fortunes as quickly as possible so that they can then assume a status quite at odds with that into which they were born. Their insatiable greed and overweening ambition know no bounds; the land is fertile and rich, the inhabitants simple, forbearing and submissive. The Spaniards have shown not the slightest consideration for these people, treating them (and I speak from first-hand experience, having been there from the outset) not as brute animals — indeed, I would to God they had done and had shown them the consideration they afford their animals — so much as piles of dung in the middle of the road. They have had as little concern for their souls as for their bodies, all the millions that have perished having gone to their deaths with no knowledge of God and without the benefit of the Sacraments. One fact in all this is widely known and beyond dispute, for even the tyrannical murderers themselves acknowledge the truth of it: the indigenous peoples never did the Europeans any harm whatever; on the contrary, they believed them to have descended from the heavens, at least until they or their fellow-citizens had tasted, at the hands of these oppressors, a diet of robbery, murder, violence, and all other manner of trials and tribulations.
John Winthrop Defends the Right of Puritans to Settle on Indian Land
England, 1629
John Winthrop (1588–1649), lawyer and leader of the 1630 migration of English Puritans to MassachusettsBay Colony, penned a brief document in 1629 that answered several objections to the project. In the passage below,he drew on the Bible to justify settling land that was already occupied by other “sons of Adam.”
[Question.] What warrant have we to take that land, which is and hath been of long time
possessed of others the sons of Adam?
Ans[wer]. That which is common to all is proper to none. This savage people ruleth over many lands without title or property; for they enclose no ground, neither have they cattle to maintain it,but remove their dwellings as they have occasion, or as they can prevail against their neighbors.
And why may not Christians have liberty to go and dwell amongst them in their wastelands and woods (leaving them such places as they have manured for their corn) as lawfully as Abraham did among the Sodomites?
For God hath given to the sons of men a twofold right to the earth; there
is a natural right and a civil right. The first right was natural when men held the earth in
common, every man sowing and feeding where he pleased: Then, as men and cattle increased,they appropriated some parcels of ground by enclosing and peculiar manurance, and this in time got them a civil right. Such was the right which Ephron the Hittite had to the field of Machpelah, wherein Abraham could not bury a dead corpse without leave, though for the out parts of the country which lay common, he [Abraham] dwelt upon them and took the fruit of them at his pleasure. This appears also in Jacob and his sons, who fed their flocks as boldly in the Canaanites’ land, for he [Jacob] is said to be lord of the country; and at Dotham and all other places [where] men accounted nothing their own, but that which they had appropriated by their own industry . . . .
2dly, There is more than enough for them and us.
3dly, God hath consumed the natives with a miraculous plague, whereby the greater part of the country is left void of inhabitants.
4thly, We shall come in with good leave of the natives.
For the fourth and fifth Documents, Columbus Describes his First Encounter with “Indians”, and Observations of New England Indians, please consult pages 20-23 and 61-66 of your document reader, Reading the American Past.
How historical lenses can affect the study of a historical topic.
Minimum 2 paragraphs
In this discussion, you will consider how historical lenses can affect the study of a historical topic. Select one of the secondary source articles from the “Research Kit” for your chosen topic. (See attachment)
After reading that article, write a DISCUSSION Paper about which of the following lenses you believe the article is using: social, political, economic, or other.
Use at least TWO QUOTES from your source to justify your choice of lens.
Explain the relationship between social diversity and political division and instability in 18th century America.
Objectives:
By the end of this session, students will be able to:
· Explain the evolving contest between the Native Americans, the French, and the British for supremacy and survival in North America.
· Describe life in 18th century American rural villages, on the frontier, in cities, and on plantations.
· Explain the relationship between social diversity and political division and instability in 18th century America.
· Explain the impact of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening in America.
· Describe colonial views England and English views of the colonies in the middle of the 18th century.
Readings:
Read Chapter 4 in American: Past and Present by Robert Divine and view the chapter 4 Power Point.
CH04.PPT
Web site:
The Great Awakening
Ben Franklin
Assignments:
A. Read Chapter 4 in American: Past and Present by Robert Divine and answer the following questions.
1. How did the Anglo-American economic relationship change in the 18th century?
2. What were the origins of the Seven Years’ War and its effect on the American colonies?
3. What were the similarities and differences between the Enlightenment and te Great Awakening?
4. What impact did “city life” have on colonial culture?
5. Who were more powerful, colonial governors or colonial assemblies?
B. Read the hyperlinked article and respond to one of the questions.
The Great Awakening
How significant was the Great Awakening’s influence on the American Revolution?
C. Research Project I Due
This is the online version of the research paper but instead of creating a written account of your research I want you to “show” me. In other words, I want you to create a presentation of your research. Using any presentation software, such as PowerPoint, create a presentation of a historical topic that falls within the parameters of the course (US History to 1865), take a position, and present your findings. The minimum slide requirement is 10, but don’t stop at there. Use as many slides as you see necessary to prove your point.
For examples in structure (not topic), click here, here, here, and here.
Submit your Research Project as an attachment in the Research Tab.
Identify Cold War strategies of the US.
By the early 1950s, the US was a world super-power militarily and economically. The Great Depression was no more. But, two major rival powers were developing, rivals ideologically and militarily: The Cold War between the US and its allies versus the Soviet Union and its allies/clients would be the dominant international issue for the next four decades. Domestically, in the 1950s and the 1960s, the US would begin grappling head-on with major Civil Rights and economic issues, as well as a divisive conflict in Vietnam—and widespread demonstrations and some high profile assassinations.
Choose and discuss (in a full paragraph or two) one of the following two topics related to the period from the late 1940s and through the 1960s.
Discuss America’s Cold War policy or strategy aimed at dealing with communism and the Soviet threat, and an example of a Cold War conflict or crisis.
Identify one or two Cold War strategies of the US. Describe a specific example of a conflict or crisis that was part of this Cold War strategy, and compare or contrast this to the international situation today.
Identify the source(s) where you read about these Cold War issues.
Discuss the Civil Rights advances and struggles that took place in the 1950s and 1960s along with relevant legal developments.
Identify two key specific events of the Civil Rights struggle and at least one major piece of legislation or court decision.
Explain the historical significance of your examples and ways they have impacted our own time.
Identify the source(s) where you read these Civil Rights issues.
Can a work of architecture achieve the shared desire of the architect and the patron?
Please complete the following question in at least 200 words:
“Diverse desires merge in the process of architectural creation and conflicting desires shape and motivate architectural innovation, and may serve as the foundation for the complexity and contradictions central to architectural poetics.” Mohammed Hamdouni Alami, Architecture and Desire, Pg. 192
Consider this thought (among others) from Alami in regard to secular and religious architecture in the Umayyad and Abbasid empires.
(A) Do you view the architecture from a functionalist or spiritualist viewpoint? (B) What are your thoughts on Alami’s opinion about the element of “fairytale” in all great monuments? Is the fairytale dimension, the poetic quality, a central part of early Islamic architecture? (C) Can a work of architecture achieve the shared desire of the architect and the patron?
No outside source material. Looking for opinion and critical thinking.
Please see the companion lecture in week three for images of palaces and early mosques.
You must respond to 1 other classmate’s comments. Comment on their opinion with agreement or disagreement. Responses to others should be at least 75-150 words.
To achieve the maximum number of points completely respond to the questions academically (This means a clear and concise argument, excellent grammar, and writing has been proofread), and then politely and thoughtfully respond to a classmate in at least 75-150 words. Posts and responses that do not meet the previously mentioned requirements will receive a reduction in points.
Why the federal government changed from the ICD9 coding system to the more detailed ICD10 system used today.
You are the CEO of a healthcare organization and there has recently been a huge outbreak of “super bugs” that have been identified in your hospital. You need to present a report to your staff about this outbreak. Since you’re not sure of the exact “bug” that has infiltrated your hospital you need to do some research of diseases or health conditions that exhibit the symptoms of the “super bug” you have encountered. You decide to go the ICD10 Code website found at: http://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes and research the code or codes that best represent this “super bug” so you can include them within your staff report.
You will write a five to six (5-6) page staff report in which you:
Select five (5) possible codes that could be related to the “super bug” and discuss how they relate to the symptoms you have seen patients exhibiting.
Assess three (3) reasons why the federal government changed from the ICD9 coding system to the more detailed ICD10 system used today.
Choose two (2) examples of a Patient Centric Healthcare Practice and propose three (3) ways patient centric technology could be used to increase patient access to quality healthcare.
Suggest three (3) ways that HIMS can improve the patient experience within a healthcare organization or healthcare provider.
Predict three (3) ways you would use Patient Centric Healthcare practice principles to improve quality care measures within your organization
Use at least four (4) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Determine the main features and capabilities of patient care applications, management and enterprise systems, e-Health applications, and strategic decision-support applications within the health care setting.
Analyze the process of developing a strategic information system plan and determine its basic components.
Demonstrate an understanding of the systems development life cycle as it pertains to both the development of a custom application and the selection of proprietary systems.
Assess the need for and determine the methods of accomplishing the security of information systems.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in health information systems.
Write clearly and concisely about health information systems using proper writing mechanics.
Suggest reasons why slavery was and is incompatible with our political and economic system.
USE TEMPLATE TO DO PAPER!!!
Assignment 2.1: Liberty Challenged in Nineteenth Century America Thesis and Outline
America became a free independent nation. With the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the former mother country, England, recognized that its children, the colonies, were now on their own. A constitutional republic was birthed, and thus the challenges began. Slavery, the “Peculiar Institution,” was a monumental issue facing the country. Would it die or would it survive and possibly take a nation divided with it? This sectionalism followed Americans up into the Civil War. Dissect this crisis by addressing parts I and II below.
For the next part of this assignment you will create an outline of the main points you want to address in this paper. This will serve as the basis for your Assignment 2.2 Final Draft. (Note: Please use the Purdue Owl website to assist you with this assignment; this website can be accessed at: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/engagement/2/2/55/.)
Part 1:
Write a thesis statement that is one to two (1-2) sentences long in which you:
State your thesis on the significance of this slavery issue, as exemplified in your research. Justify your response.
For the first part of this assignment you will create a thesis statement. A thesis statement is usually a single sentence somewhere in your first paragraph that presents your main idea to the reader. The body of the essay organizes the material you gather and present in support of your main idea. Keep in mind that a thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. (Note: Please consult the Purdue OWL website with tips on how to construct a proper thesis; the website can be found at: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/545/01/.)
Part 2:
For the next part of this assignment you will create an outline of the main points you want to address in this paper. This will serve as the basis for your Assignment 2.2 Final Draft. (Note: Please use the Purdue Owl website to assist you with this assignment; this website can be accessed at: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/engagement/2/2/55/.)
2. Write a one to two (1-2) page outline in which you:
Describe two (2) outcomes of the 3/5ths Compromise, Missouri Compromise of 1820, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott Decision. Note: Be sure to provide two (2) outcomes for each legislation.
Suggest three (3) reasons why slavery was and is incompatible with our political and economic system.
List three to five (3-5) driving forces that led to the Civil War.
Use at least three (3) academic references besides or in addition to the textbook. Note: Wikipedia and other similar websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Discuss the distinct aspects of Egyptian society in the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.
Discuss the distinct aspects of Egyptian society in the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms
How the discovery of oil changed the Middle Eastern Economy?
Research Paper
You will complete a Formal Research Paper. Be sure the body of your paper reflects/supports this as a critical issue. The Research Paper must be 6 pages in length (not including your abstract, title page, or reference page). Your answers to the research paper should be thoroughly explained in paragraph form. Your answers should cover the particulars of the question and include an example of your understanding of the question in general. Formal writing means using proper English, including grammatical, mechanics, and spelling rules. All references must be cited using in-text citations, and/or a bibliography resources list.
You will format your paper in APA style, and must include at least 5 primary sources. Research references must be included, and they should be in APA format. Research sources must also be properly cited in the body of your paper and the citations must match the listed references and vice versa. These include journals, books, and another appropriate source material. The Research paper will have a cover page and bibliography or reference page, abstract page and be written in APA. It must be original work, and absolutely no plagiarism. Your work should be double-spaced, 12-point Times New Roman font, with 1-inch margins all around. When citing resources, you must adhere strictly to APA style. These papers are not thought papers so do not write in first person.
Research Paper Topic
How the discovery of oil changed the Middle Eastern Economy?
Be sure the body of your paper reflects/supports this as a critical issue.